Exploring the Chemopreventive Effect of Medication on Gene Expression Linked to Colorectal Cancer: An Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analysis in Healthy Colon Mucosa.

In the case of BMI, in contrast to the observational results, the instrumental analyses showed a positive ES in BarcUVa-Seq and GTEx (2.47, p -value = 0.003; 2.98, p -value = 0.006) but a negative trend in CEDAR (−1.38, p -value = 0.02) ( Table 4 ).

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The inducer effect of calcium supplements on CACNA1C and ATP2C1 showed a trend to increase the expression of the FE genes (ES = 1.51, p -value = 0.08, and ES = 2.03, p -value = 2.23 × 10 −3 , respectively), which was not fully validated in the case of CACNA1C in the other datasets (ES = 1.25, p -value = 0.07, in GTEx; and ES = 1.66, p -value = 2.31 × 10 −3 , in CEDAR), nor validated in ATP2C1 (ES = 2.57, p -value = 1.04 × 10 −3 , in GTEx; and ES = −1.83, p -value = 0.01, in CEDAR).

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