Association between dietary vitamin D intake and low muscle mass in US adults: results from NHANES 2011-2018.

In Model 2, after further adjustment for total energy intake and several covariates, the association was attenuated but remained borderline significant ( p for trend = 0.051).

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In Model 2 ( Supplementary Table S2 ), after adjusting for total energy intake and additional covariates, the association between higher dietary vitamin D intake and lower risk of LMM was attenuated and did not reach statistical significance (Q3: OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.50–1.01; Q4: OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.50–1.11).

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Participants in Q3 had an OR of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.49–0.97), and those in Q4 had an OR of 0.70 (95% CI: 0.47–1.05), with a significant trend across quartiles ( p for trend = 0.029). 4.

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