a clear trendp ‐value > 0.99
The control group had no significant change or a clear trend in the caspase‐9 (at 1 h −6.12%, at 6 h −2.58%, at 24 h −5.86%, p ‐value > 0.99) or caspase‐3 gene expression (at 1 h after first treatment +6.47%, at 6 h −1.21%, and at 24 h −3.15%, p ‐value 0.96), and bcl2l1 increased in the control group ( p ‐value > 0.99, at 1 h +18.97%, at 6 h +25.72%, at 24 h +10.84%).