Should we consider microbiota-based interventions as a novel therapeutic strategy for schizophrenia? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

When stratified by study design (RCT or OL), the CES of RCT studies tended towards symptom improvement; however, it did not reach statistical significance (Hedges g = 0.35, 95% CI = −0.04 to 0.74, p = 0.03, I 2 = 53.79%; Fig. 3 - Blue Dots).

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Although microbiota manipulation based solely on RCTs showed a trend toward symptom improvement, it did not result in a statistically significant effect on symptom amelioration.

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