Causal effects of BC survival In the in-depth analysis of BC survival rates, we unveiled a suggestive risk impact of blood UREA on overall BC survival, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.230 and a 95% CI ranging from 1.000 to 1.513, reaching marginal significance ( P = 0.049).
Additionally, while the direct causal relationship of TG with BC did not reach statistical significance after correcting for HDL-C and APOA, the observed genetic risk trend suggests a more nuanced role for TG in BC etiology, necessitating larger-scale studies and more refined multi-variable analyses to accurately define its function (Fig. 5 ; Supplementary Table S7 ).
APOA1 showed a trend towards higher expression in both ER subtypes, while GLU was significantly increased only in ER + BC.
Statistical analysis In IVW analysis, a P value less than 0.05 is considered suggestive of significance, while a P FDR < 0.05 is deemed statistically significant.