Behavioral Alterations in Mice Exposed to Manganese via Drinking Water: Effects of Sex and a Lipopolysaccharide Challenge.

J Appl Toxicol · 2025 · PMC11885083 · PMID 39647842

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hedged sentences

0.0530

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0590

boldest claim

The sentences

approached significancep = 0.053so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Within sex, LPS‐challenged females, but not males, made fewer rearings than saline controls, an effect that approached significance ( F (3,20) = 3.994, p = 0.053).

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a strong trendp = 0.059so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Over the 30‐min testing duration, locomotor activity decreased ( F (3,44) = 88.547, p < 0.001) irrespective of Mn and sex, as all mice habituated to the arena over time (Figure 6 ); there was also a strong trend for Mn‐exposed males to be more active early in the test (during the first 10 min; Figure 6 ; t = 1.989, p = 0.059).

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