<i>d</i> <sub>4</sub>-Cystamine: A Deuterated Cystamine Derivative with Improved Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Fibrotic Activities in a Murine Model of Fibrosing Steatohepatitis.

Moreover, H&E staining to assess inflammation and steatosis revealed a clear trend toward improvement of liver morphology and a significant reduction in steatosis ( Figure 4 D) that was confirmed by BODIPY staining ( p < 0.001) with compound 4 ( Figure 4 E).

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The resulting data indicated a significant reduction in cell death in groups treated with 3 or 4, providing confirmation of decreased apoptosis ( p ≤ 0.0001 for both compounds, Figure 4 D,E), while the reduction in cell death observed after treatment with nondeuterated cystamine, 2 , did not reach statistical significance.

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