Intraosseous versus intravenous vascular access in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

However, this difference did not reach statistical significance (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.80–1.06, P = 0.25, I 2 = 44%).

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For the time from EMS arrival to vascular access, contrasting time trends were observed: humeral IO showed a trend toward longer access times than the IV route, while tibial IO showed a trend toward faster access than the IV method, although the differences did not reach statistical significance (Fig. 5 B).

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