Exploring the physical, mental, and social dimensions of middle-aged adults for active and healthy aging: A cross-sectional study.

PLoS One · 2025 · PMC11964271 · PMID 40173164

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0870

closest p · 1.7× alpha

0.1160

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp = 0.087so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

PHQ-9 scores varied according to level of education, with participants with higher education showing a lower average score (4.0 ± 4.6) compared to participants with primary education (5.0 ± 5.4), with a marginally significant difference ( p = 0.087).

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.111not close (p > 0.1)

The average number of days with difficulties was also higher in participants aged 60–64 (8.9 days) compared to those aged 55–59, although this difference did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.111).

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marginally non-significantp = 0.116not close (p > 0.1)

The average score is higher among individuals with higher education (58.9 ± 11.1) and lower among participants with secondary education (56.9 ± 10.4), with a marginally non-significant difference ( p = 0.116).

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almost significant tendencyno p-value reported

This result suggests an almost significant tendency for functional disability to increase (functional decline) with age.

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