Macrophage- and pluripotent-like reparative Muse cells are unique endogenous stem cells distinct from other somatic stem cells.

ALSFRS-R scores remained unchanged for four patients and showed a trend toward exacerbation for one patient for up to 10 months after initiating cell administration, strongly suggesting the therapeutic potential of donor Muse cell treatment in mitigating ALS progression.

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This incidental adverse event worsened clinical scores at 12 months, resulting in the ALSFRS-R scores tending to improve 12 months post-treatment compared with 3 months before Muse cell administration, while the difference did not reach statistical significance, likely due to the incident in one patient ( Yamashita et al., 2023 ).

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