Comparative Genomic Analysis of Key Oncogenic Pathways in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Diverse Populations.

Additionally, IGF1R mutations exhibited borderline significance (7.2% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.07).

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Kaplan–Meier plots were utilized to explore survival differences related to PI3K pathway alterations in NHW HCC patients and showed a trend toward poorer overall survival, though it did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.09) ( Figure S1 ).

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The median mutation count was slightly lower in the H/L cohort (six mutations, IQR: 4–46) compared to the NHW cohort (eight mutations, IQR: 4–50), though this difference did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.1087).

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All p -values are reported to ensure transparency, and findings with marginal significance were interpreted cautiously.

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To better characterize the biological relevance of pathway-specific alterations, we examined the nature of somatic mutations in genes that showed statistically significant or borderline significant differences between H/L and NHW patients.

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The WNT-altered group (red curve) exhibited a slight trend toward reduced survival compared to the non-altered group (blue curve), but the overlapping survival curves and wide confidence intervals suggest substantial variability in survival estimates.

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Notably, ERBB4 mutations were observed in 5.8% of H/L patients compared to 2.3% of NHW patients ( p = 0.1077), and IGF1R mutations were detected in 7.2% of H/L patients versus 2.9% of NHW patients ( p = 0.07798), indicating a possible trend toward increased RTK pathway activation in H/L patients.

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