Travel to low- and middle-income countries and travellers' diarrhoea increase risk of mismatching antimicrobial therapy for urinary tract infection.

In addition, the following factors were included in the final multivariable model but failed to reach statistical significance: higher age, antimicrobial regimens for non-UTI indication over the past year, K. pneumoniae isolate, and co-infection ( Table 4 ).

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In the group ESBL-PE UTI, microbiological mismatching ( P < 0.001) was identified as a risk factor; antimicrobials for non-UTI indication over the past year did not reach statistical significance ( Supplementary Table S2 ).

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