Efficacy of neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and perioperative immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer across different PD-L1 expression levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Front Immunol · 2025 · PMC12129973 · PMID 40463367

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

showed a trendno p-value reported

However, only two studies reported OS outcomes, which showed a trend toward benefit but did not reach statistical significance (HR=0.80, 95% CI=0.58–1.11; Figure 4D ).

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