Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), thyroid hormones, sexual hormones and pubertal development in adolescents residing in the neighborhood of a 3M factory.

Environ Health · 2025 · PMC12144784 · PMID 40483423

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.1000

closest p · 2.0× alpha

0.1000

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp <0.1so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In our description of results the associations are considered marginally significant if p <0.1 or significant if p <0.05.

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a clear trendno p-value reported

Brief summary of observed associations Overall, the most well-studied PFAS, PFOS, FOA, PFNA and PFHxS and also the sum parameters showed a clear trend towards lower sex hormone concentrations (only measured in males) and higher SHBG concentrations.

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showed a trendno p-value reported

For males, internal exposure to PFAS showed a trend towards higher thyroid hormone concentrations and lower TSH concentrations, whereas for females the observed trend was towards lower thyroid hormone concentrations and slightly higher TSH concentrations.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.