Comparative X-ray Diffraction Analysis of the Hydroxyapatite Crystal Structure in Developing and Mature Lumbar Vertebrae.

Cureus · 2025 · PMC12182704 · PMID 40546522

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

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closest p · 0.0× alpha

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boldest claim

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highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

The average crystallite size was 103.2% greater in adult specimens, a highly significant difference (p < 0.001).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

While adult specimens showed trends toward greater crystallinity with lower amorphous calcium (-10.76 wt%) and higher crystalline calcium (+2.60 wt%), these differences did not reach statistical significance.

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showed a trendno p-value reported

While our study showed a trend toward greater crystallinity in adult specimens, with lower amorphous calcium (-10.76 wt%) and higher crystalline calcium (+2.60 wt%) compared to newborn samples, these differences did not reach statistical significance.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.