By day 28, the VSC level in the placebo group remained at 858.33 ± 150.78 ppb, whereas that in the treatment group dropped further to 533.33 ± 89.09 ppb, with a highly significant difference between the groups ( p < 0.001), reflecting a 37.8% decrease in the treatment group compared to the placebo.
Moreover, the improvement in debris, plaque, and gingival scores in the treatment group reflected a clear trend toward normalization, closely approaching values observed in healthy control cats.
By day 28, the treatment group showed VSC concentrations that were significantly lower than the placebo group ( p < 0.001), and although still higher than the healthy baseline ( p < 0.05), they demonstrated a marked trend toward normalization.