Sex-specific cytokine signatures as predictors of anti-PD1 therapy response in non-small cell lung cancer.

Front Immunol · 2025 · PMC12206799 · PMID 40589738

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closest p · 1.6× alpha

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showed a trendp=0.08so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Furthermore, CXCL12 showed a trend towards a shorter PFS (HR=2.30; 95% CI 0.86-5.97; p=0.08) in male patients.

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near significanceno p-value reported

Deconvolution of the UMAP data revealed that “Male Cluster 1” was characterized by higher levels of CCL20, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL2, IL-6 (near significance) and VEGF compared to individuals in “Male Cluster 2” ( Figure 7E ).

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near-significantno p-value reported

Although we did not have sufficient numbers of patients with post-treatment samples to attempt to analyze sex-related differences, we did observe, as previously reported in lung cancer patients ( 16 ), a significant increase in CXCL10 in non-responders while on-treatment, as well as a near-significant increase in IL-6.

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