Urine anion and osmolality gaps in the comprehensive evaluation of acid base balance across different levels of kidney function.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC12215085 · PMID 40596028

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0830

closest p · 1.7× alpha

0.0830

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.083so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

For UAG, a positive correlation with urinary pH was observed in all eGFR groups, except in patients with eGFR ≥ 90, where the correlation did not reach statistical significance (ρ = 0.252, p = 0.083).

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a clear trendno p-value reported

The findings demonstrated that UAG significantly increased as eGFR declined, whereas UOG did not show a clear trend across eGFR categories.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.