Spatio-temporal dynamics and drivers of cropland ecosystem services value during the past two decades in Yangtze river economic belt, China.

Front Public Health · 2025 · PMC12245870 · PMID 40655217

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0500

closest p · 1.0× alpha

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boldest claim

The sentences

an increasing trendp -value < 0.05actually significant

Results Our results showed that the Crop-ESV in the YREB exhibited an increasing trend over the past two decades, from 10,674 billion yuan in 2001 to 11,564 billion yuan in 2020, representing an average annual increase of 0.94 million yuan/ha ( p -value < 0.05).

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showed a trendno p-value reported

Generally, the Crop-ESV in the YREB showed a trend of high in the west and low in the east and demonstrated obvious spatial heterogeneity ( Figure 6 ).

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a significant trendno p-value reported

In this paper, the significant level is set to 0.05, so when |Z| is greater than 1.96, there is a significant trend of change in Crop-ESV. 2.4 Hot spot analysis In our research, hot spot analysis was applied to revealing the spatial clustering pattern and temporal evolution characteristics of Crop-ESV.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.