near-significantp = 0.068
For body-fat percentage, the analysis revealed a near-significant reduction (WMD = −0.79; 95% CI: −1.63 to 0.06; p = 0.068), suggesting a trend toward improvement but not reaching conventional statistical significance.
For body-fat percentage, the analysis revealed a near-significant reduction (WMD = −0.79; 95% CI: −1.63 to 0.06; p = 0.068), suggesting a trend toward improvement but not reaching conventional statistical significance.
Body-fat percentage showed a trend toward improvement (−0.79%; p = 0.068) that, while not reaching conventional significance, suggests a potential biologically plausible effect of digital interventions on body composition.
Highly significant heterogeneity was observed in several anthropometric outcomes ( Table 2 ), including BMI, waist circumference, and body-fat percentage, indicating variability across studies.