Dynamic neuroplasticity of language networks: The intersection of bilingualism and epilepsy.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2025 · PMC12304909 · PMID 40658859

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hedged sentences

0.0500

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0960

boldest claim

The sentences

approached significanceP = 0.05actually significant

For L2, the Group × Seizure Laterality interaction approached significance, with a similar effect size [( F (1, 66) = 3.9; P = 0.05; η p 2 = 0.06].

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a statistical trendP = 0.050actually significant

There was a statistical trend ( P = 0.050) for M-LTLE having a longer duration of epilepsy compared to the other groups (post hoc p s < 0.05)— Table 1 .

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did not reach statistical significanceP = 0.096so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Category fluency, however, did not reach statistical significance [ F (1, 14) = 3.2; P = 0.096; η p 2 = 0.19)].

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marginally significantno p-value reported

This interaction was significant or marginally significant with similar effect sizes for each of the three other thresholds ( SI Appendix , Table S1 ).

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