Galectin-3-integrin α5β1 phase separation disrupted by advanced glycation end-products impairs diabetic wound healing in rodents.

As expected, the wound closure rate of diabetic rats was significantly delayed compared with non-diabetics; Gal-3 significantly promoted wound healing 3 days and 9 days after application, which was comparable to that of non-diabetic rats and Comfeel® dressing; VEGF showed a strong trend of accelerated skin wound healing, albeit without statistical significance (Supplementary Fig. 6F ).

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mRNA expression of the re-epithelialization marker Cdh1 (encoding E-cadherin) was significantly upregulated, whereas mesenchymalization marker Cdh2 (encoding N-cadherin) showed a trend toward reduction (Supplementary Fig. 1H ).

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