The efficacy and safety of pilates exercise in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

For ROM, the Asian subgroup (1 study with 2 comparisons) showed no significant improvement (SMD = 0.01, 95% CI: −0.50 to 0.51; p = 0.98), and the non-Asian subgroup (2 studies with 3 comparisons) showed a trend toward improvement (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI: −0.10 to 0.89; p = 0.12), both with no heterogeneity (I 2 = 0%), identical to the overall ROM meta-analysis (I 2 = 0%).

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The pooled analysis indicated a trend toward reduced pain with Pilates compared to control interventions (SMD = −1.27; 95% CI: −2.59 to 0.05; p = 0.06), although this result did not reach statistical significance.

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