showed a trendp = 0.063
PD-L1 expression ≥ 1% showed a trend toward improved OS (HR 3.72, p = 0.063).
PD-L1 expression ≥ 1% showed a trend toward improved OS (HR 3.72, p = 0.063).
Nodal stage showed borderline significance ( p = 0.093), while T-stage and age remained non-significant in the final model.
In the univariate model, Karnofsky performance status > 80% was associated with a significantly better PFS (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.19–0.76, p = 0.003), and CCI ≤ 2 showed a nonsignificant trend toward improved outcomes (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.40–1.34, p = 0.3).
Female sex also showed a trend toward better survival (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.21–1.06, p = 0.049), while other variables such as age at diagnosis, CCI group, T-stage, N-stage, PD-L1 status, and durvalumab treatment did not reach statistical significance.