Therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of astragaloside IV on pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.

Limited data from two studies suggested reduced IL-18 levels [n = 12, SMD = −1.60, 95% CI (−3.02, −0.19); heterogeneity: I 2 = 0%, P = 0.363], while three studies examining IL-1β showed a trend toward reduction that did not reach statistical significance [n = 32, SMD = −3.37, 95% CI (−6.82, 0.08); heterogeneity: I 2 = 87%, P < 0.01].

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