Causal associations between schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders: A Mendelian randomization study.

MR-Egger regression yielded a borderline significant positive effect (OR: 1.231, 95% CI: 0.995–1.523, p = 0.056), whereas the weighted median estimator demonstrated stronger evidence for causality (OR: 1.157, 95% CI: 1.077–1.241, p = 5.72 × 10 −5 ) ( Figure 5(a) ).

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Anxiety disorders demonstrated a nominally significant IVW association that proved unstable in sensitivity analyses ( Figure 7 ).

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Notably, MR-Egger’s effect estimates were close but did not reach statistical significance ( Figure 6(a) ).

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