Comparison of the Effects of Cold-Water Immersion Applied Alone and Combined Therapy on the Recovery of Muscle Fatigue After Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

In the athlete group (SMD = 0.91, 95% CI: −0.08 to 1.91, p = 0.07, I 2 = 58%), a trend favoring the CON group was observed, but this did not reach statistical significance.

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While CWI + Other showed a trend toward a larger effect, particularly in athletes, where the relief was more pronounced, no statistically significant difference was found between the two approaches overall.

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