A multilevel meta-analysis of the effects of repeated sprint training in hypoxia on athletic performance.

Front Sports Act Living · 2025 · PMC12408497 · PMID 40917623

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0537

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0700

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp = 0.0537so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Among these, FiO2 demonstrated a marginally significant association with training outcomes (ES = 3.84, SE = 1.99, p = 0.0537), suggesting a potential—but not conclusive—moderating role.

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a near-significant trendp = 0.07so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In the aerobic domain, the male subgroup showed a near-significant trend (ES = 0.26, p = 0.07), while no effects were observed in the female (ES = –0.04) or mixed groups (ES = –0.25), both with p > 0.3.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

In contrast, other RSA-related outcomes such as RSA_P (ES = 0.21, p = 0.51), RSA_DEC (ES = 0.56, p = 0.13), RSA_D (ES = 0.11, p = 0.82), and RSA_A (ES = 0.39, p = 0.18) showed positive trends but did not reach statistical significance.

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