Lithocholic acid ameliorates ulcerative colitis via the PXR/TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway and gut microbiota modulation.

Conversely, comparisons between CTRL and DSS + LCA, as well as DSS and DSS + LCA, did not reach statistical significance.

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LCA showed a trend toward enriching beneficial bacterial families, including Akkermansiaceae , Lactobacillaceae and Muribaculaceae , while significantly reducing the abundance of pathogenic and opportunistic pathogens such as Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroidaceae .

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