Explainable machine learning models based on clinical trial surrogate outcomes for predicting overall survival in head and neck cancers.

Median DOR showed a negative trend ( r = −0.20, P = 0.378) against median OS, which may have been confounded by the negative trend ( r = −0.36, P = 0.096) observed between ORR and median DOR in the ICI-based regimens ( Supplementary Figure S1 , available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2025.105754 ).

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Although these trends were present in the correlation analysis of trial cohorts, they did not reach statistical significance.

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