Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and mortality in cancer survivors: a Nationwide study with mediation and subgroup analyses.

While Q2 and Q3 showed a trend toward lower mortality risk compared to Q1, only Q3 reached statistical significance in Model 3 (HR = 0.737, 95% CI: 0.583–0.931, p = 0.011), suggesting a dose–response relationship primarily driven by higher adherence to MDS.

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A decreasing trend in BMI was observed across MDS quartiles, from 30.1 kg/m 2 in Q1 to 28.4 kg/m 2 in Q4.

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The association was more pronounced among participants aged ≥65 years (HR = 0.696, 95% CI: 0.546–0.886) compared to their younger counterparts, where the trend did not reach statistical significance.

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