A study on the effects of exercise training on cortical excitability in athletes: a meta-analysis based on TMS measurements.

Front Psychol · 2025 · PMC12491180 · PMID 41050825

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

However, in the technical-tactical sports subgroup, a moderate effect trend was observed (n = 2, SMD = −0.81, 95% CI = −2.03 to 0.41, p = 0.06) , but the difference did not reach statistical significance.

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showed a trendno p-value reported

In the endurance sports subgroup (n = 2, SMD = −1.70, 95% CI = −3.93 to 0.52, p < 0.05) and the combat sports subgroup (n = 4, SMD = −1.32, 95% CI = −2.09 to −0.55, p < 0.05) , the experimental group showed a trend of difference compared to the control group, with statistically significant results.

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