Exercise-induced extracellular vesicles delay tumor development by igniting inflammation in an immunologically cold triple-negative breast cancer mouse model.

J Sport Health Sci · 2025 · PMC12510235 · PMID 40250619

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0673

closest p · 1.3× alpha

0.4613

boldest claim

The sentences

showed a trendp = 0.0673so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

However, PD-L1 expression on CD45– cells showed a trend toward reduction in EO771 tumors with run-EV-ther treatment (PBS: median fluorescence intensity (MFI) = 47 vs. run-EV-ther: MFI = 25, p = 0.0673, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis), while 4T1 tumors exhibited decreased PD-L1 in the run-EV-prev+ther group (PBS: MFI = 15 vs. run-EV-prev+ther: MFI = 9, p = 0.0011) ( Fig. 4 A, Supplementary Table 4A ).

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.4613not close (p > 0.1)

However, in mice receiving sed-EVs before tumor implantation, a trend toward slightly slower tumor growth was noted compared to the PBS control ( p = 0.0913), though the average tumor size at the endpoint (586 mm3) did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.4613) vs.

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