Association between endothelial activation and stress index and diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES database.

BMC Endocr Disord · 2025 · PMC12522907 · PMID 41088128

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0540

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0540

boldest claim

The sentences

showed a trendP = 0.054so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In quartile analysis, compared with the first quartile, the fourth quartile showed a trend toward increased DR risk (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 0.99–2.59, P = 0.054), with a significant dose-response trend (P for trend = 0.040).

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a significant trendno p-value reported

When analyzed by quartiles, compared with Q1, participants in Q3 (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.01–2.06, P = 0.044) and Q4 (OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.61–3.22, P < 0.001) showed significantly higher risk of DR in the unadjusted model, with a significant trend across quartiles (P for trend < 0.001).

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