Immunotherapy versus chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy for resected MSI-H/dMMR colorectal cancer: real-world evidence informing precision strategies.

While the overall cohort demonstrated a statistically significant DFS advantage of immunotherapy over chemotherapy (HR = 0.26, 95%CI: 0.08-0.89, P = 0.033, Figure 3A ), the stage III subgroup analysis showed a consistent magnitude of benefit (HR = 0.28, 95%CI:0.04-1.96) that did not reach statistical significance due to reduced sample size (P = 0.204, Figure 3B ).

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3) For Stage III, immunotherapy showed a trend toward superior DFS versus chemotherapy, though statistical significance was not reached (HR = 0.28, 95%CI: 0.04-1.96, P = 0.204), and both outperformed WW (HR = 0.05, 95%CI: 0.004-0.54, P = 0.014 and HR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.05-2.17, P = 0.113, respectively).

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