Bangpungtongsung-san alleviates depressive-like behavior and metabolic disturbances in high-fat diet-induced obesity: mechanisms involving inflammation, CREB/BDNF signaling, and NMDA receptor modulation.

Front Pharmacol · 2025 · PMC12611972 · PMID 41244820

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0500

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0600

boldest claim

The sentences

borderline significantp = 0.05actually significant

Specifically, BTS treatment at 300 mg/kg successfully reduced the increase in IL-1β ( p < 0.01) and showed a borderline significant reduction in TNF-α ( p = 0.05).

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showed a trendp = 0.06so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In contrast, mice receiving BTS at 300 mg/kg showed a trend towards increased total distance traveled ( Figure 2C , p = 0.06) compared to HFD mice.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

FXT and SIM treatment marginally reduced HFD-induced downregulation of some NMDA receptors but did not reach statistical significance.

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