Choice-making in an adaptive learning system with motivational pedagogical agents.

NPJ Sci Learn · 2025 · PMC12627807 · PMID 41253831

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0640

closest p · 1.3× alpha

0.0700

boldest claim

The sentences

approached significancep = 0.064so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

showed a trendno p-value reported

The main effect of condition approached significance (F(1, 45) = 3.62, p = 0.064), indicating that students in the Agent condition showed a trend towards higher gains.

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marginally significantp = 0.070so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Regarding error rates, results showed a marginally significant main effect of prior knowledge, F(1, 45) = 3.45, p = 0.070, suggesting a trend where HPK students had lower error rates.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.