Nab-paclitaxel-based chemotherapy with or without anti-PD-(L)1 immunotherapy as a second-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer: a real-world retrospective study.

Although a numerical trend favored the chemo-anti-PD-(L)1 group, no statistically significant differences were observed in OS (16.9 vs 14.6 months), PFS (7.3 vs 4.6 months), ORR (29.3% vs 13.9%), or DCR (68.3% vs 53.5%).

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Although the improvement was not statistically significant, adding anti-PD-(L)1 therapy showed a trend toward improved survival.

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Although the PFS, ORR, and DCR appeared higher in the chemo-anti-PD-(L)1 group compared to chemotherapy alone, these differences did not reach statistical significance.

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