Electroconvulsive therapy reduces suicidality and all-cause mortality in refractory depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of neurostimulation studies.

Neurosci Appl · 2025 · PMC12664644 · PMID 41323432

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0500

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0698

boldest claim

The sentences

nominally significantp < 0.05actually significant

The Excess Significance Test was employed to determine whether the number of studies reporting nominally significant results (p < 0.05) exceeded what would be expected based on statistical power.

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.0698so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The heterogeneity of ORs across studies was quantified as medium with an I 2 statistic of 51.7 %, although this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.0698).

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