highly significantp < 0.001
Notably, a highly significant association was found between HPV status and surgical intervention ( p < 0.001).
Notably, a highly significant association was found between HPV status and surgical intervention ( p < 0.001).
A trend was observed between HPV and histopathological type ( p = 0.102), though it did not reach statistical significance.
Survival analysis showed a trend toward poorer overall survival (OS) among HPV-positive patients, whereas those with EGFR-mutated/HPV-negative tumors demonstrated better OS, consistent with favorable TKI responsiveness [ 21 ].