Effectiveness of Electric Muscle Stimulation (EMS) and Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation (TENS) in patients with overactive bladder: A randomized controlled trial.

Pak J Med Sci · 2025 · PMC12697027 · PMID 41394368

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0560

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.7380

boldest claim

The sentences

approached significancep = 0.056so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The difference between TENS and EMS approached significance but did not reach the 0.05 threshold (mean difference = -0.288, p = 0.056).

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.738not close (p > 0.1)

TENS, although clinically beneficial in some cases, did not reach statistical significance compared to the control group (p = 0.738), whereas EMS yielded significantly better outcomes than both TENS (p = 0.026) and control (p = 0.003).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.