Effect of tele-rehabilitation guided intervention on pain and function in middle-aged and older adult patients with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Across individual studies, the study by Reyhaneh Khazaei ( 51 ) showed the most significant effect of the intervention (SMD = −2.11, 95% CI: −3.09 to −1.13), whereas Odole C ( 53 ) showed a slight positive effect (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI: −0.31 to 0.79), while the rest of the studies showed a negative trend.

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Conclusion The results of this study suggest that tele-rehabilitation interventions have a positive trend toward pain relief and functional improvement in middle-aged and older adult KOA patients, but the current evidence is insufficient to demonstrate significant superiority.

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The effect size for the pain dimension on the WOMAC pain scale was SMD = −0.08 (95% CI: −0.98 to −0.83), while the effect size for the WOMAC function scale was SMD = −0.44 (95% CI: −0.88 to 0.00), suggesting a positive trend toward functional improvement but with marginally significant differences.

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The SMD was −0.57 (95% CI [−1.25–0.10], p > 0.05), suggesting that the exercise intervention group tended to show some improvement in pain reduction compared with the control group; however, the difference did not reach statistical significance.

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