Barely Significant
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Integrated auditory-vocal embodied training for expressive authentic intonation in Chinese zither performance.

Front Neurosci · 2025 · PMC12756423 · PMID 41488322

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hedged sentences
0.1040
closest p · 2.1× alpha
0.1040
boldest claim

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.104not close (p > 0.1)
The Kruskal–Wallis H-test results showed that although the post-secondary school age group performed better in auditory tests, the differences in intonation improvement among these age groups did not reach statistical significance ( H -value of 4.534, p = 0.104).

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a significant trendno p-value reported
Descriptive analyses of the results In the pre-test data analysis, a significant trend emerged, indicating learners' general preference for equal temperament as the correct intonation.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.