Effects of exercise interventions on metabolic and hepatic function markers in overweight or obese patients with MASLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The pooled analysis showed an SMD of − 0.29 (95% CI: − 0.63 to 0.04), and the difference did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.087), suggesting a possible trend toward improvement in AST levels with exercise interventions, although the evidence remains insufficient (Fig. 5 ).

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For liver function markers, exercise markedly improved alanine aminotransferase (SMD = − 0.40, P = 0.024), whereas the reductions in aspartate aminotransferase (SMD = − 0.29, P = 0.087) and γ-glutamyl transferase (SMD = − 0.29, P = 0.217) did not reach statistical significance.

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Aerobic exercise showed a trend toward reducing AST (SMD = − 0.56), but the effect did not reach statistical significance and heterogeneity was high.

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