Akkermansia muciniphila-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate colitis-related cognitive impairment via tryptophan metabolic reprogramming of the gut‒brain axis.

Gut Microbes · 2026 · PMC12785224 · PMID 41496520

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a strong trendno p-value reported

Further supporting the centrality of tryptophan metabolic reprogramming, the inhibition of TPH with PCPA showed a strong trend toward blunting the AmEVs-induced increase in neuronal 5-HT production.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Interestingly, although C29 partially reduced the promotive effect of AmEVs on 5-HT production, the difference did not reach statistical significance (Figure S5e), suggesting that Amuc_1100 may not be the sole mediator through which AmEVs regulate 5-HT production.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.

&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Akkermansia muciniphila-&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;b&gt;derived extracellular vesicles alleviate colitis-related cognitive impairment via tryptophan metabolic reprogramming of the gut‒brain axis&lt;/b&gt;.

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<i><b>Akkermansia muciniphila-</b></i><b>derived extracellular vesicles alleviate colitis-related cognitive impairment via tryptophan metabolic reprogramming of the gut‒brain axis</b>.