Efficacy of psychosensory interventions for the management of pediatric pain, fear, and distress during emergency care: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Front Pediatr · 2025 · PMC12819612 · PMID 41574357

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Ice gel approached significance only for observer-reported pain ( 48 ), while it did not reach statistical significance for self-reported pain ( 48 ).

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a trend toward significanceno p-value reported

Listening to music was not effective in reducing distress ( 70 , 73 ), and VID showed a trend toward significance ( 74 ).

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approached significanceno p-value reported

Manual Tactile significantly reduced observer-reported pain ( 57 ), while it only approached significance for self-reported pain ( 57 , 61 ).

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