Mendelian Randomization With Longitudinal Exposure Data: Simulation Study and Real Data Application.

Stat Med · 2026 · PMC12824831 · PMID 41567108

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a clear trendno p-value reported

2.2 Generalized Additive Model for Location, Scale, and Shape Testing for a SNP × Time interaction term makes sense for longitudinal traits with a clear trend, for example, growth from childhood to adulthood, or steady decline of a biomarker such as eGFR in patients with chronic kidney disease.

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nominally significantno p-value reported

Similar results were observed when using the 1‐sample approach (Figure S17 ) or when using nominally significant SNPs only (Figure S18 ).

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