Metformin Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits and Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Familial Hypercholesterolemia.

Behaviorally, metformin improved hippocampal-dependent cognitive performance in object reallocation and novel object recognition tasks and showed a trend toward alleviating depressive-like behavior.

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While changes in TLR4 and BDNF expression did not reach statistical significance, the moderate-to-large effect sizes observed (Cohen’s d = 1.16 for TLR4 and d = 0.42 for BDNF) indicate potential biological trends toward reduced innate immune activation and enhanced neurotrophic support.

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