Therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine on diabetic sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) · 2025 · PMC12832245 · PMID 41601945

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0900

closest p · 1.8× alpha

0.2300

boldest claim

The sentences

failed to reach statistical significanceP = 0.09so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In contrast, grip strength failed to reach statistical significance after restricting by study quality (P = 0.09), indicating weaker robustness and requiring cautious interpretation.

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did not reach statistical significanceP = 0.23not close (p > 0.1)

However, in the C57BL/6J mouse subgroup, although the effect size was negative, it did not reach statistical significance [SMD = -5.38, 95% CI (-14.20, 3.43), P = 0.23], and heterogeneity within this subgroup was extremely high (I2 = 96%).

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may be significantno p-value reported

However, high residual heterogeneity persisted across all models, implying that experimental details insufficiently reported in the existing literature (such as housing conditions) may be significant hidden sources of interference.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.