highly significantp < 0.001
For functional disability outcomes, the 8 min protocol demonstrated a highly significant overall advantage (LME estimate: −12.84, 95% CI: −19.36 to −6.32, p < 0.001).
For functional disability outcomes, the 8 min protocol demonstrated a highly significant overall advantage (LME estimate: −12.84, 95% CI: −19.36 to −6.32, p < 0.001).
GPES responder rates (score ≥ 6) showed a trend favoring the 8 min protocol at later time points, with 57.1% of patients in the 8 min group at 6 months versus 36.1% in the 4 min group ( p = 0.082), representing a 21.0 percentage point difference.
The 8 min group showed consistently greater improvements than the 4 min group, although the differences in median changes did not reach statistical significance in the univariate analyses ( Table 2 ).